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 请大家给小老板一些指导，怎样推广这个款产品？用这个技术能不能发财？ |
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猛点头，猛点头，说得是。 -- tutu - (270 Byte) 2008-5-03 周六, 15:28 (737 reads) |
和煦的阳光
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作者：和煦的阳光 在 海归商务 发贴, 来自【海归网】 http://www.haiguinet.com
我搜索到个文章：有的国家都实行容器押金返还制度？不一定有用
https://www.howpack.cn/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=192
为了减少环境污染，提高废弃包装的回收率，很多国家都实行容器押金返还制度，简单说就是消费者在购买饮料、啤酒等使用容器包装的商品时，要预先收取一定的押金，消费者可以通过把容器退回商店取回押金。
这项制度在欧美较为流行，甚至出现一些专门的容器回收机。消费者把容器投入机器，机器可以自动识别瓶子的大小并吐出相应的纸币。目前押金返还制度正逐渐向其他国家普及。
这里的文章是新西兰的容器押金制度介绍，供大家参考。有兴趣的XDJM可以译出来让大家看着轻松点儿。
Deposit refund schemes involve the payment of a deposit when a product is purchased, which is repaid when the product or packaging is returned after use. This system provides a financial incentive for returning products or packaging to a centralised facility or to the point of sale.
The ‘classic’ deposit refund scheme is used for beverage containers (i.e. drink bottles). A number of beverage container deposit schemes operate in the USA and Europe, most notably Germany, South Australia has had a deposit refund scheme on selected beverage containers since 1977. In New Zealand during the 1970s beer, soft drinks and milk were packaged in glass refillable, returnable containers and a voluntary deposit system was common throughout the country. These schemes were largely phased out during the 1980s due to the changing market place with New Zealand competing on the international stage, both as a major importer and exporter.
Today over 95% of New Zealanders have access to facilities to recycle packaging, i.e. paper, glass, cans and plastics 1 & 2. Seventy-seven percent of New Zealand councils offer households a kerbside recycling service. Beverage containers can therefore be easily recycled, which makes a container deposit system unnecessary. However, ever since the voluntary scheme was phased out, there have been calls from various quarters for a mandatory deposit on beverage containers in New Zealand.
Packaging Council Position
Container deposit legislation will cost millions of dollars to implement in New Zealand according to an independent study.
An independent study commissioned by the Packaging Council concludes that the net impact of introducing Container Deposit Legislation in New Zealand would be a staggering $61 million to $121 million per annum.
Whilst the campaign for Container Deposit Legislation (CDL) appeals to the emotional argument for introducing legislation into New Zealand, all the evidence from studies overseas points to the huge costs of such a system particularly when it sits alongside an already efficient kerbside recycling system. Those countries which have introduced CDL have primarily introduced it as a litter management solution or have introduced it prior to a kerbside system which effectively competes with the returnable service.
Container deposit systems are inherently considerably more expensive than kerbside collection schemes due to the storage, transportation, processing and labour costs on top of the complexity of identifying containers by exact number (in order to pay refunds and process handling fees) and separating containers both by material type and by brand owner. They also act as a rival collection scheme to kerbside recycling and thereby reduce the efficiency of kerbside recycling. The report by independent economic analysts Covec shows that 78,000 tonnes of packaging would be diverted from kerbside collection each year.
The Covec report models the experience of container deposits overseas to the New Zealand geography and existing waste management framework. The analysis firstly examines how a deposit refund scheme such as operates in South Australia could be designed to be more efficient and uses this more efficient model as the basis of its cost estimates. Covec concluded that returning containers to larger retail outlets such as supermarkets would be the most efficient model for New Zealand.
Even adopting the most optimistic cost solutions in practice around the world, the cost of implementing a container deposit system in New Zealand would be up to $121 million per annum. The Covec report estimates that the costs to New Zealand of introducing CDL significantly outweigh the benefits. Although CDL could increase recovery rates by 90,000 tonnes, using the mid-range estimate the additional cost for every additional tonne recycled would be $1020 per tonne, compared with approximately $60 per tonne for kerbside collection. This cannot be justified when 95% of New Zealanders already have ready access to recycling facilities. The cost combined with the massive upheaval for retailers who would be required to process all of the returned containers, makes CDL unworkable, impractical and profligate.
We believe that the costs outlined in the Covec report are extremely conservative based on our members’ own experience of CDL in Australia and the USA. Notwithstanding that the costs are huge by anybody’s terms of reference.
It is also important to understand that CDL will not mean that beverage containers returned will be reused as beverage containers because the food safety standards required for manufacturers to control the use of containers as a major food safety hazard. Any container used in the manufacturing process must meet stringent safety criteria with regard to fragments and to cleaning chemicals used in the recycling process. This effectively eliminates reuse of containers without major capital investment in processing recovered containers. We also do not have the economies of scale which larger countries have to process all of the recovered material which we currently recover.
The report also highlights the huge resources required to manage CDL in New Zealand. For example, 2.9 million m3 of containers would be returned to supermarkets throughout New Zealand each year requiring so much floor space at each supermarket to store the returned packaging that the lost sales space would cost retailers $13 million per annum.
The New Zealand Packaging Accord epitomizes extended producer responsibility. Since all parties (including industry, local and national government and recycling operators) signed up to the Accord in 2004, industry has responded positively to the challenge to incorporate environmental management into packaging design and to deliver on its' reduce, reuse, recycle commitments.
作者：和煦的阳光 在 海归商务 发贴, 来自【海归网】 http://www.haiguinet.com
上一次由和煦的阳光于2008-5-03 周六, 16:09修改，总共修改了1次
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