鉴于收到很多网友询问关于Foreclosure的相关问题，由于美国各州不一样，程序可能很大方别，甚至完全不同。现作简单介绍。请注意，本人只对本州（Lien理论使用Deed of Trust）的Foreclosure熟悉。其它的只是本人在阅读、学习中的理解，并不一定正确。请与本州专业人士了解。也希望对自己本州Foreclosure懂行的网友作出补充和说明。
借款人所签的借款文件
当借款人向银行（Lender才是正确的说法，但为简单起见，并适应所有读者通常说法，下面全部用银行代替Lender），银行要求借款人签两类文件：第一类是承诺付款的票据（Promissory note）。标明借款人同意支付贷款的具体金额、利率（变动或固定）还款年期等等贷款条件；第二类是为了保障放款人（银行）的利益而签订用房地产作抵押品的抵押契约。这种抵押契约文件在全美有两种：一种叫Mortgage，另一种就叫Deed of Trust。至于用哪一种，就牵涉到使用这个州是使用Title理论还是使用Lien理论。Title理论使用Mortgage，而Lien理论使用Deed of Trust。选用哪一个是由州法决定。
Mortgage和Deed of Trust的分别
Mortgage和Deed of Trust的主要不同点在于：Mortgage只有借款人和银行两方参与，而Deed of Trust有借款人、银行和一个叫“受托人（Trustee）”的中立方三方参与。
Mortgage和Deed of Trust的另外一个不同点是：当发生Foreclosure时，使用Deed of Trust的就由“受托人（Trustee）直接拿去拍卖; 而使用Mortgage可能要经过法庭程序后才能拍卖，或者不经过法庭程序也可以拍卖。这就是由州法决定。在下面的表中，你们可以看到有些是“Mortgage – Judicial”，就是说是使用Mortgage的，并必须经过法庭程序才能拍卖；而有些是“Mortgage - Power of Sale”，就表明是使用Mortgage，但是不需通过法庭程序，可以直接拍卖。
总括而言，Foreclosure有需要经过法庭程序的（Judicial Foreclosure）和不需要经过法庭程序的（Non-Judicial Foreclosure）两种。
State - Foreclosure Method
Alabama - Mortgage - Power of Sale
Alaska - Deed of Trust - Power of Sale
Arizona - Deed of Trust - Power of Sale
Arkansas - Both - Power of Sale
California - Deed of Trust - Power of Sale
Colorado - Deed of Trust - Power of Sale
Connecticut - Mortgage - Strict Foreclosure
Delaware - Mortgage - Judicial
Dist.of Columbia - Deed of Trust - Power of Sale
Florida - Mortgage - Judicial
Georgia - Mortgage - Power of Sale
Hawaii - Deed of Trust - Power of sale
Idaho - Deed of Trust - Power of Sale
Illinois - Mortgage - Judicial
Indiana - Mortgage - Judicial
Iowa - Mortgage - Judicial
Kansas - Mortgage - Judicial
Kentucky - Mortgage - Judicial
Louisiana - Mortgage - Judicial
Maine - Mortgage - Entry& Possesion
Maryland - Deed of Trust - Power of Sale
Massachusetts - Mortgage - Power of Sale
Michigan - Mortgage - Power of Sale
Minnesota - Mortgage - Power of Sale
Mississippi - Deed of Trust - Power of Sale
Missouri - Deed of Trust - Power of Sale
Montana - Mortgage - Judicial
Nebraska - Mortgage - Judicial
Nevada - Mortgage - Power of Sale
New Hampshire - Mortgage - Power of Sale
New Jersey - Mortgage - Judicial
New Mexico - Mortgage - Judicial
New York - Mortgage - Judicial
North Carolina - Deed of Trust - Power of Sale
North Dakota - Mortgage - Judicial
Ohio - Mortgage - Judicial
Oklahoma - Mortgage - Judicial
Oregon - Deed of Trust - Power of Sale
Pennsylvania - Mortgage - Judicial
Rhode Island - Mortgage - Power of Sale
South Carolina - Mortgage - Judicial
South Dakota - Mortgage - Power of Sale
Tennessee - Deed of Trust - Power of Sale
Texas - Deed of Trust - Power of Sale
Utah - Mortgage - Judicial
Vermont - Mortgage - Strict Foreclosure
Virginia - Deed of Trust - Power of Sale
Washington - Deed of Trust - Power of Sale
West Virginia - Deed of Trust - Power of Sale
Wisconsin - Mortgage - Power of Sale
Wyoming - Mortgage - Power of Sale
